Free Download The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany Between the World Wars (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)

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The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany Between the World Wars (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)

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"This is a scholarly and conceptually ambitious work which seeks to explain how military doctrine takes place and its role in 'grand strategy.' The core of the study examines military doctrines in the interwar period, discussing the German blitzkrieg and British air defense system as successes, and the French army's Maginot Line doctrine as a great failure. Posen develops many intriguing ideas and theoretical insights, and debates those of his academic peers, in a rich volume that has to be studied as well as read." (Foreign Affairs)

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About the Author

Barry R. Posen is Ford International Professor of Political Science and director of the Security Studies Program at MIT. He is the author of Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy, The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the World Wars (winner of the Furniss Award and the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award) and Inadvertent Escalation: Conventional War and Nuclear Risks, all from Cornell.

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Product details

Series: Cornell Studies in Security Affairs

Paperback: 288 pages

Publisher: Cornell University Press; N/A edition (August 26, 1986)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0801494273

ISBN-13: 978-0801494277

Product Dimensions:

6.1 x 0.6 x 9.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 15.5 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

2 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#328,707 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

In this book Mr. Posen draws heavily on "Balance of Power" and organizational theories on how military doctrine is created and implemented. Using these theories, Mr. Posen analyzes how Germany, France, and Great Britain formulated their military doctrines with the results of World War II in 1940 showing how well those military doctrines served their countries' grand strategy. Mr. Posen shows how militaries tend to keep doctrine just as they want it when civilian leadership doesn't push hard for innovations and he also shows how disastrous it can be when both civilian and military leadership fail to match their military doctrines with their overall grand strategies. Obviously, France scores low marks here as her political leaders couldn't match the two, while Britain receives the highest marks due to the push by the civilian leadership in the last years of the interwar period to innovate its military doctrine. Germany receives mixed marks because Hitler's push for highly offensive warfare ("Blitzkrieg") served Germany well against France, but poorly when it was time to deal with Britain. Although I am not fond of balance of power theories, it is hard to deny Mr. Posen's conclusions. This book could also stand a little update since it was first written in the mid-1980s. Though I doubt Mr. Posen's conclusions would change, it would be interesting to see how he might try to fit his conclusions in with how the world has changed since the end of the Cold War. Although this book has a lot of political scientist jargon, it is still a fine book that I highly recommend to anyone interested in the theories behind military doctrines and strategies.

This is a scholarly work of political science written in the late 1980s that is perhaps best known for a few ancillary conclusions on the nature of military innovation in peacetime, which was a topic of great interest in the 1990s.The purpose of the book was to explore how and why states develop their military doctrine and to assess whether organizational theory (a theory quite popular at the time) or balance of power theory best explained the behavior of French, British and German military and civilian policymakers during the interwar period. Much of the book explores the assumptions each theory holds as to likely state behavior. For instance, organizational theory suggests that military services tend to pursue offensive doctrines that maximize their autonomy and their slice of the defense budget, and that doctrine is often non-innovative as those in positions of authority in hierarchical organizations usually stick with what they know.One of the conclusions reached by Posen is that militaries tend not to innovate and when they do, it is usually due to a combination of direct civilian interference in military affairs along with the support of a maverick, often unpopular, military officer who challenges convention and "breaks crockery" in his attempt to instill a new way of waging war.The two cases of such unlikely innovation addressed by Posen are the development of the Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command for strategic air defense, which has been credited for winning the "Battle of Britain" in 1940, and the development of blitzkrieg by the Germans, which was responsible for the stunning German conquest of France in 1940.Posen argues that both the fledgling RAF and the rebuilt Wehrmacht opposed these innovations. Instead, they promoted and supported doctrines precisely as organization theory would suggest.The RAF was a proponent of strategic bombing, even though when pressed the military air leaders could not articulate precisely how they would threaten Germany - although their prognostications of the destruction that bombers could rain down on cities was not lost on civilian leaders, especially their general assumption that for every 1 ton of munitions dropped there would be 50 civilian casualties. Thus, the civilians insisted on an aggressive air defense plan to ensure that Britain could survive any potential knock-out blow. Posen maintains that it was this civilian insistence on a robust air defense strategy and the leadership of General Hugh Dowding that resulted in the integrated air defense system that held back the improvised strategic bombing campaigns of Hermann Goering and the Luftwaffe in 1940.The German army may have toyed with motor transport and other proscribed technology under Hans von Seekt during the Versailles period of the 1920s, but Posen argues that these experiments merely applied new technology to the old "Hutier" infiltration tactics developed during the later years of WWI. It was the combination of Hitler, who demanded a rapier force to make his "avalanche diplomacy" all the more intimidating and genuine, and the armor revolutionary Heinz Guderian, to make blitzkrieg a reality.These conclusions were challenged by Stephen P. Rosen and others in the 1990s as the concept of military transformation and a revolutionary in military affairs (RMA) gathered force.In closing, "The Sources of Military Doctrine" was quite a bit different than I was anticipating, I must admit. After seeing it cited and quoted so many times, I felt like I knew the content. Clearly I didn't. This book has value for political scientists interested in organizational and/or balance of power theory or defense policy wonks looking to develop a solid foundation in concepts of military innovation. If you don't fit neatly into one of these two groups "The Sources of Military Doctrine" likely isn't for you.

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Download Ebook McGraw-Hill's 500 College Precalculus Questions: Ace Your College Exams: 3 Reading Tests + 3 Writing Tests + 3 Mathematics Tests (Mcgraw-hill's 500 Questions)

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About the Author

Sandra McCune and William Clark formerly taught mathematics at Stephen F. Austin State University.

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Series: Mcgraw-hill's 500 Questions

Paperback: 176 pages

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education; 1 edition (December 18, 2012)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 9780071789530

ISBN-13: 978-0071789530

ASIN: 0071789537

Product Dimensions:

4.3 x 0.5 x 10.9 inches

Shipping Weight: 8.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#666,874 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Download PDF , by Hanya Yanagihara

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File Size: 1958 KB

Print Length: 737 pages

Publisher: Anchor (March 10, 2015)

Publication Date: March 10, 2015

Sold by: Random House LLC

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0385539266

ISBN-13: 978-0385539265

ASIN: B00N6PCZO0

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You know when someone talks to you about a “sad book,” and you immediately think, “well, someone precious is going to die at the end?” A Little Life has been called tragic, depressing, a masterpiece that you cannot get through without a wad of tissues nearby, and so naturally, I assumed someone would die at the end. I went into this book prepared to not get too attached to the characters, but it’s inevitable to not connect with people who are the subjects of an 800-page book with minimal spacing and tiny font. I’d like to think I went into this book prepared, but my preparation got me nowhere.This novel does not lead up to a sad ending. Let me explain. Calling this novel “sad” is a massive understatement. It is 800 pages of tragedy after tragedy, because the “sad” doesn’t follow the pattern we are used to. It’s not happy and pleasant until the end where something sad happens- no, this book is a depressing hunk of paper with very little happiness in it. A Little Life is a long, winding tunnel spotted with skylights. You walk forward in the darkness with a couple of friends, and you are struck with sadness after sadness. Your friends get lost in the tunnel, you fall and break your arm, and then the tunnel gives you a foot of light where you can look around and take a breather before plunging yourself into the darkness. You don’t know what’s at the end, because the tunnel gives you no hints. You don’t know if you’ll exit into the open. You don’t know if you’ll hit a dead-end, but you keep on walking because by this point, your masochism has kicked in and you’re addicted to the torture.We follow the stories of four characters, all college-friends who have moved from Boston to New York City in order to fulfill their dreams. Malcolm is an aspiring architect- timid and shy, whose overbearing parents are his pride and shame. JB is a painter- arrogant, optimistic and full of life, JB is the only one among his friends who is certain he will make it in life. Willem is an actor, calm and steady who has no family but his three best friends. But while the three have their own lives, their bond is strengthened by the presence of one Jude St. Francis. Jude is enigmatic. Despite having been friends for years, nobody knows anything about him; not his ethnicity or his sexuality. They don’t know anything about his childhood or his years before attending university. Jude has an injury; an accident severely limited the use of his legs, but nobody even knows how this came to be. But Jude is quiet, and he is kind and generous and dependent. And so the three friends lend their shoulders silently for him to lean on. This book is not set in one time period: years and decades pass, and each character matures, develops and experiences success and the perils of life, sometimes together, other times apart. As the narrative progresses, one thing becomes crystal clear: Jude has gone through an unspeakable childhood trauma. He is fragile and broken, battling so hard with inner demons that never seem to leave him.If you’re looking for a fast-paced, action-packed, plot-centered novel, put this book down and walk far, far away. A Little Life reads more like an in-depth character study than anything else. Despite there being a large, diverse, well-fleshed out cast of characters- make no mistake: this novel is about Jude. This novel is about Jude’s life, his depression, his experiences, his feelings of pain and insurmountable shame. It is a story about Jude’s relationships and his impact on the people around him. It is a story about love and loss, of betrayal and friendship, of perseverance and giving in. And because it follows the story of such a broken, intense young man, it is a difficult read.It is a difficult read in more ways than one. Firstly, it is 800 pages long with very little action, with large chunks of paragraphs detailing the little moments in life, detailing theorems and laws and art and literature. Large chunks that talk about family, sex, career and the meaning of love- things that may not even need to be in the book. These large chunks familiarize you with our characters’ backgrounds, their introspections and streams of consciousness, their experiences with each other and outside of their immediate relationships. The characters in this novel feel real; more than once, I felt like I could reach out and touch them. They feel like friends, comrades you’ve known for a long, long time. Their happiness genuinely excites you, and their sadness genuinely devastates you. You also become so invested in their relationships with each other, almost as if you’re a mediator.Apart from the thematic material, what makes this novel so hard to digest is the characters. I’m not exaggerating when I say that they feel like friends- watching them suffer through unimaginable things hurt me. I have never felt this way before. Halfway through the book, I had already cried at least twice, excluding the point where I sobbed for ten pages straight. And then again after. Yanagihara’s empathetic portrayal of human nature, of human decency and monstrosity is so spot-on. I don’t know what else I can say.Secondly, it is brutal in its honest, unflinching portrayal of mental illness. There were several moments in this novel where I had to set the book aside and steady my breathing. It is uncomfortable. It depicts self-harm and depression graphically but not gratuitously, with sensitivity without doing it for “the shock factor.” Finally, the constant jumps in time frame makes this book far from a casual read. You need to keep up. Each ‘section’ takes place a few years after the previous one, but sometimes Yanagihara alternates time within paragraphs as well. One time you’re seeing the friends’ lives when they are 35, and you jump back in the middle of a paragraph to when they are 28. It can be quite jarring if you’re not paying attention.But having said that, Yanagihara’s writing is easy to keep up with. Daunting as it may be with its intelligent discussion of many themes (some of which I mentioned above) and the sheer scale of the book, her writing is welcoming. Complex, full of emotion and genuine feeling, full of ‘quotable’ things without it ever being overbearing or ‘too much.’ Authors writing in the literary fiction genre so often give off the impression that they need to prove something, but Yanagihara writes with effortless grace and poise. She’s not trying to prove anything; this is her in 800 pages- take it or leave it.But despite all my praises, this is not a perfect book. My main complaint is the length. Bear with me. I have no problems with lengthy books, as long as the length is justified. Many will probably disagree with me, but I felt that the novel could have been cut short by at least 50 or 100 pages. For example, towards the beginning, we get such an in-depth look into JB and Malcolm’s characters, much of which doesn’t come back after the first section. Perhaps their backgrounds could have been weaved more seamlessly into the narrative as the book went along. A lot of the objective discussions about science and mathematics were beautifully written, sure, but didn’t feel like they needed to be there. But I’ve got to give Yanagihara this: despite the length, and despite the discussions on objective topics, I was hanging on to her every word. I didn’t skim a single page- I was just that invested.So, here we are. You and me at the mouth of the tunnel. I made it out, and you’re asking me if you should take the chance. “It’s difficult. It’s long. It’s even terrifying at times, but-” and I prod you into the darkness, “it’s also exhilarating and beautiful and one hell of an experience.”

I liked this book for many of the reasons already espoused. Particularly because of the field I work-I appreciated the illustration of the hidden life and thoughts of a traumatized character. I work with abused and traumatized children and adults. If you work in the field or closely with those around chronic sexual abuse you may decide to skip this read as it may feel too overwhelmingly like work... And it will. For me, it increased my motivation to work with this population... Particularly as this work highlights how vital it is for early age interventions (though that is not the intent or focus of the book that is my personal takeaway).I feel after reading through various negative reviews I would like to clear up a common / thread in the negative reviews. Many of the 1 stars continually stated how long the book was and "there was no way one person could go through that much trauma... Meet that many perverts and paedophiles..." Sure the book is long, I've got nothing to clear up there; but for any of you who work in "the system," as I do, you absolutely know that the level of abuse depicted in the book is not only in the realm of reality but sadly the history of several of my clients. You may decide you can't handle the subject matter; too many traumatic details; too much cutting; you hate it because of some of the other story lines or clichés in the art community; too frustrated with Jude's inability to see himself as something different Etc. But please don't write it off because you find his level of abuse and self-loathing as "unbelievable." It may be unimaginable for most of the readers (and it should be) but for some reading the book it was a reality and some who work with traumatized clients we experience it second hand. Several 1 star raters only wrote about "how unbelievable it would be for a counselor to do that" or the 'unbelievable" crazy doctor--and to that I say look up complex trauma and the testimony of domestic sex slaves (ie Jude). True most of those I work with do not end up with Jude's career but Jude was also highly educated and later has positive, healthy relationships by 16. We know relationships are a number one factor in resiliency in traumatized patients. The book is heavy and there are happy moments but no happy ending. What I appreciated about Jude being a seemingly successful New Yorker was how it challenged the reader on how hidden the traumatized soul can be. I realize this review doesn't get into the likes but after reading so many of the 1 stars saying how "melodramatic" and "lifetime movie" Jude's story was I felt like another perspective was warranted. You may find other characters (particularly of the art scene) clichés (not necessarily unreal) or take issue with length and jarring transitions (which I found added to the intensity and disorientation in a positive way) but please rethink the 1 star because you don't find his childhood at all believable.

This book has become one of my top books of all time. It is not an easy read. It is heartbreaking, it’s a gut punch, it steam rolls right over your heart over and over and over. Cue the ugly cries and heavy emotions. It knocks the wind right out of you.You are probably thinking only a masochist would want to read this after being told all of that. But, there was something so beautiful about author Hanya Yanagihara’s writing. Hauntingly beautiful. To me, the book’s biggest strength is the character development: probably the best I have ever read.The story follows four best friends from college through adulthood who struggle to find themselves in early adulthood but over time each will find their footing. One of them battles secret demons that debilitate him emotionally and physically. It is a story about friendship; but, not ordinary friendship. A supreme friendship so connected that without it one is not whole, but lost. Friendship that gives one breathe: a reason.I purchased both the paperback (814 pages) and audiobook (32 hours at 1.25x pace!) and found myself listening to the audiobook while reading along with my actual book. I’m normally not very fond of audiobooks versus actual reading, but the narrator, Oliver Wyman, gave a voice to each of these characters and it felt that much more real when we read along together. It was like having a reading companion, and with this book you need one.

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PDF Ebook , by Som Bathla

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Well, reading this book is not kind of difficult thing. You can only set aside the time for only few in away. When waiting for the list, waiting for someone, or when gong to the bed, you can take this book to read. Never worry, you can save it into the computer device or save it in your gadget. So, it will not make you feel hard to bring the book everywhere. Because, the , By Som Bathla that we provided in this website is the soft file forms.

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PDF Ebook , by Som Bathla

Do not make you really feel hard when looking for publication that you will certainly review to save your time. Publication is always popular in whenever, every period, and also every age. All individuals will certainly require book as referral to do something. When you have no concepts concerning exactly what to do in this downtime, get , By Som Bathla as one of the reference books that we supply! Providing unique publications are so pleasant for us. It is so very easy to give generosity for everyone.

various sight. Yeah, this publication gets over a new thing that will certainly not just motivate, but likewise boost lesson and also experience. Having this , By Som Bathla, also as soft file, will verify that you have joint to be one of the hundreds readers worldwide. Yeah, you're one part of the wonderful people who like this publication.

Everybody has their way to enjoy reading; it is not only for clever people. Many people additionally check out guide because nothing. Juts intend to take output from upgraded ideas and idea, possibly! It may be also the method how they interest in the visibility of the originalities of entertaining system. Evaluating the book for everybody will be distinctive. Some could think that , By Som Bathla is extremely directly, yet some will really delight in reviewing it.

So now, exactly what's more you will go through with this book? Just get , By Som Bathla immediately to lead your idea to constantly establish. When you make small mind-set to consider difficult book to check out, you will certainly not make any innovation. And see what you will get, be sorry for will certainly always come behind. So, do you want to turn into one of them? Obviously not! Reading and also reviewing become one of the choices that you can try to get over the problems.

Product details

File Size: 2402 KB

Print Length: 171 pages

Publication Date: November 24, 2018

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B07KVH6THZ

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#113,906 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)

Regardless of thinking is your thing or not, you'll get a lot out of this book from the very get-go. Author Som Botha does a great job of bringing a book to his audience that gets people thinking clearly and with creative context. The jargon is simple yet effective, and the concepts practical and simple to put into practice. I thought the 100 question technique was original and should be used by everyone.You'll also find lots of case studies and reference to psychological studies that adds a depth of credibility to the material. Great stuff.Basically what you get in this book is:1. How human brain operates and how precisely thinking process works within our mind?2. How Elon Musk transformed himself from an internet multimillionaire to a space rocket industry leader with this first principle thinking.3. How your thinking abilities are not dependent on your IQ and what matters most as per Warren Buffett.4. Most common cognitive biases that trip you up for making irrational, illogical decisions and triggered by your emotions.5. Understand the power of neuro-plasticity that allows you to change the way you think.6. Beware of your thinking patterns marketers misuse to sell you more of what you never wanted.7. How thinking about failing in a particular way can help you better prepared for success – know the technique of inversion thinking.And a lot more. Packed with value ready to unpack and put into action, this is a book I'd recommend. THE INTELLIGENT THINKING is for anyone and everyone who is convinced about the limitless potential of human mind and is sincerely looking for the ways to become an intelligent thinker.

Major issue with "Kindle" digital version of this book. It is not downloading any of the books I purchased. Every time I tried to download the kindle saying there was an "ERROR" and the book cannot download. Amazon give me my money back if you are not going to allow me to download the book. I know you are a "BILLION" DOLLAR company and you would not take $3.59 cent from me. This other Kung Fu Scholar Methods: Internal Strikes In 100 DaysKindle Edition Sold by Amazon Digital Services LLC for $2.51. Give me my mom back

I found this book to be very stimulating and a call to action. Knowledge is only power if you use and apply what you have learned. I feel like I have super charged my year and life by reading this book!

This book was an exciting read! Definitely a page-turner and picks your brain. I thoroughly appreciate the clear and concise breakdown of how the brain operates in normal language. This book really clarified things for me personally. I highly recommend and look forward to reading more of this author's books! If you fell the need to be inspired after accomplishing so many short and long-term life goals and feel what's next? This book is a MUST READ for you!!! That's my 2 cents:-)

Filled with grammatical and spelling errors that were really distracting while reading this book.

This book is a must to read for people who really are concern with improving their thinking ability. I like the fact that the author gives examplified illustrations to make the concept easier to grasp. I recommend this book to novice and experts alike.

I haven't read the book yet, but shouldn't the title be "The Intelligent ThinkER..." or "Intelligent Thinking..."

An amazing read. This book is fantastically loaded with amazing thinking techniques. While reading, I could easily relate how I was frequently thinking erroneously. My favourite technique was inversion thinking- a counter-intuitive way to improve chances of success by imagining worst failure scenarios.The book is filled with psychological studies that shows author’s deep interest in human behaviour research but at the same time, the real-life interesting stories explained all the concepts in a simple but effective language.Warren Buffett, Elon Musk, Leonardo da Vinci, and many more great thinkers are covered in the book explaining their thinking style and how you can attain their level of thinking.This is one of the best books that explain in an easy and understantable way how one can start thinking in more intelligent manner and transform the quality of life.

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